Not all wheels are created equal—here’s why

Casters may look simple, but the materials that make up their wheels are anything but. Behind every smooth roll or silent glide is a careful balance of chemistry and physics.

If you've ever wondered why one caster leaves marks while another doesn't—or why some glide like butter while others resist movement—this post is for you.

Friction: Friend or Foe?

Friction determines how well a caster grips a surface. Rubber offers high friction, great for traction but not ideal on carpet. Nylon or steel wheels offer low friction, making them perfect for carpet or dense materials—but slippery on smooth floors.

Too much friction = drag and effort.
Too little = slippage and loss of control.

Hardness and Durometer

Hardness, measured in durometer (usually on the Shore A or D scale), affects a wheel’s load capacity and floor friendliness.

• Soft wheels (like rubber or TPR) absorb shock and are quiet—but wear faster.

• Hard wheels (like phenolic, nylon, or steel) carry heavy loads and resist chemicals—but can be loud and floor-damaging.

For general use, polyurethane strikes a great balance: tough, quiet, and floor-safe.

Resilience and Bounce

Materials like rubber offer higher elasticity, which cushions loads and quiets movement. Resilient wheels help in environments where noise reduction or shock absorption is key, like hospitals or electronics assembly.

Harder materials don’t deform, so they’re more efficient at rolling under heavy loads—but louder and harsher on both operators and surfaces.

Thermal and Chemical Resistance

Working in extreme environments? Wheel material becomes even more critical.

• Phenolic handles heat up to 475°F.

• Stainless steel and nylon resist corrosive chemicals.

• Polyurethane holds up to oils and solvents.